Lake Shore Cryotronics’ M81-SSM offers DC, AC and lock-in source and measurement. Synchronous modularity The M81-SSM controller shown with two source modules (left); two measure modules (right); all ...

Even a small array consisting of 100 elements has thousands of individual components that require perhaps 25,000 measurements per module for an eye-watering grand total of 2.5 million. Barry Manz ...